The Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) was an anti-communist advocacy group founded in 1950. In 1966 it was revealed that the United States Central Intelligence Agency was instrumental in the establishment and funding of the group. At its height, the CCF was active in thirty-five countries. Historian Frances Stonor Saunders wrote: "Whether they liked it or not, whether they knew it or not, there were few writers,poets, artists, historians, scientists, or critics in postwar Europe whose names were not in some way linked to this covert enterprise."