Penghu 1 is a fossil jaw (mandible) belonging to an extinct hominin species of the genus Homo from Taiwan that is late Pleistocene in age. The fossil was recovered sometime before 2008 by fishermen working in the Penghu Channel – between the Penghu Islands and mainland Taiwan – and described in 2015 by an international team of Japanese, Taiwanese, and Australian scientists. Penghu 1 is estimated to be between 10,000 and 190,000 years old. Penghu 1 is housed at the National Museum of Natural Science in Taichung, Taiwan.