In Spain, the White Terror (also known as la Represión Franquista, the “Francoist Repression”) was the series of acts of politically motivated violence, rape, and other crimes committed by the Nationalist movement during the Spanish Civil War (17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939) and during Francisco Franco's dictatorship (1 October 1936 – 20 November 1975). The mass killings of the Spanish Republican loyalists, which included Popular Front adherents, liberals, Socialists, Trotskyists, Communists, anarchists, Protestants, freethinkers, intellectuals and among others things, people branded as Catalan and Basque separatists and Freemasons, occurred from the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, in July 1936, and continued unabated until 1945.