Concept-oriented design (COD) is a theory of design and development based upon the language and diagrams of practitioners. It has been implemented in a tool Chasm to build 3D user interfaces (3DUIs). Its name is borrowed from the generic programming idea of a software concept. It was created by Chadwick Wingrave under the direction of Doug A. Bowman while at Virginia Tech and detailed in his dissertation, an early peer-reviewed workshop paper and a peer-reviewed paper at a conference on virtual reality sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.