A Dangerous restart occurs when power or energy is applied to a device whose "on / off" switch was in the "on" position when power was applied. In the United States the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) refers to this hazard as "The Uncontrolled Release of Mechanical, Electrical and Other Types of Hazardous Energy" Due to the cost and size restriction, there are currently no requirements for restart hazard reduction on appliances, small tools and handheld power equipment.