Hypnagogic pop is a musical sensibility that emerged in the mid-2000s and was marked by a preoccupation with cultural memory and nostalgia, particularly in relation to 1980s music, popular culture, and technology. The term was coined by journalist David Keenan in an August 2009 issue of The Wire to label the work of lo-fi artists such as James Ferraro, Ariel Pink, and Zola Jesus, who he described as producing "pop music refracted through the memory of a memory." The term derives its name from the dream-like psychological state known as hypnagogia. The phrase was soon widely discussed by other writers and blogs.