Ottoman Public Debt Administration
The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) (Ottoman Turkish: Düyun-u Umumiye-i Osmaniye Varidat-ı Muhassasa İdaresi, or simply Düyun-u Umumiye as it was popularly known), was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors and its governing council was packed with European government officials. It employed 5,000 officials who collected taxes that were then turned over to the European creditors. At its peak it had 9,000 employees, more than the empire’s finance ministry.
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Ottoman Public Debt Administration
The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) (Ottoman Turkish: Düyun-u Umumiye-i Osmaniye Varidat-ı Muhassasa İdaresi, or simply Düyun-u Umumiye as it was popularly known), was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors and its governing council was packed with European government officials. It employed 5,000 officials who collected taxes that were then turned over to the European creditors. At its peak it had 9,000 employees, more than the empire’s finance ministry.
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25بك المحتوى هنا ينقصه الاستشه ...... حاجة للتوسيع. شارك في تحريرها.
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Die Administration de la Dette ...... ltung befand sich in Istanbul.
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La Administración de la Deuda ...... ctualmente el İstanbul Lisesi.
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The Ottoman Public Debt Admini ...... ransjordan, Syria and Lebanon.
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オスマン債務管理局（オスマンさいむかんりきょく、トルコ語:D ...... がオスマン帝国を経済的に従属させる上で重要な役割を果たした。
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25بك المحتوى هنا ينقصه الاستشه ...... السابع يُعيّنه البنك العثماني.
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Die Administration de la Dette ...... ltung befand sich in Istanbul.
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La Administración de la Deuda ...... diversas compañías de Europa.
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The Ottoman Public Debt Admini ...... the empire’s finance ministry.
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オスマン債務管理局（オスマンさいむかんりきょく、トルコ語:D ...... がオスマン帝国を経済的に従属させる上で重要な役割を果たした。
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Administración de la Deuda Pública Otomana
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Administration de la Dette Publique Ottomane
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Ottoman Public Debt Administration
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إدارة الدين العام العثماني
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オスマン債務管理局
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