Turbulence

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. In contrast to laminar flow, turbulence is associated with high Reynolds numbers, where inertial forces dominate viscous forces. In turbulent flow, unsteady vortices appear on many scales and interact with each other. Drag due to boundary layer skin friction increases. The structure and location of boundary layer separation often changes, sometimes resulting in a reduction of overall drag. This effect is exploited by aerodynamic spoilers on cars and aircraft.

Turbulence

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. In contrast to laminar flow, turbulence is associated with high Reynolds numbers, where inertial forces dominate viscous forces. In turbulent flow, unsteady vortices appear on many scales and interact with each other. Drag due to boundary layer skin friction increases. The structure and location of boundary layer separation often changes, sometimes resulting in a reduction of overall drag. This effect is exploited by aerodynamic spoilers on cars and aircraft.