Bolshoy Cheremshan (Russian: Большой Черемшан, literally Greater Cheremshan, Tatar: Cyrillic Олы Чирмешән, Latin Olı Çirmeşän) is a river in Russia, a left tributary of the Volga between the Kama River and Samara River. It flows southwest to the Volga near Dimitrovgrad. The main inflows are the Bolshaya Sulcha and Maly Cheremshan. The maximal discharge is 1,660 cubic metres per second (59,000 cu ft/s) (1979), and the minimal mineralization is 600-800 mg/l. The riverbed is meandering and the meadows are wide. From around 1650 the Trans-Kama Line of forts ran along or near the Cheremshan.