Corruption in South Africa includes the private use of public resources, bribery and improper favouritism. The 2012 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index assigned South Africa an index of 4.3, ranking South Africa 69th out of 176 countries (tied with Brazil and Macedonia). (/ access to parliament 2004 }] South Africa has a robust anti-corruption framework, but laws are inadequately enforced. Two forms of corruption are particularly prevalent in South Africa; tenderpreneurism and BEE fronting.