Duke of Atholl, alternatively Duke of Athole, named after Atholl in Scotland, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland held by the head of Clan Murray. It was created by Queen Anne in 1703 for John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl, with a special remainder to the heir male of his father, the 1st Marquess. The Dukes of Atholl, as massive landowners, were initiators of and primary participants in the Highland Clearances, the eviction and forced removal of families from their homes, to be replaced by sheep.