eFluor nanocrystals are a class of fluorophores made of semiconductor quantum dots. The nanocrystals can be provided as either primary amine, carboxylate, or non-functional groups on the surface, allowing conjugation to biomolecules of a researcher's choice. The nanocrystals can be conjugated to primary antibodies which are used for flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, microarrays, in vivo imaging and microscopy.