(Not to be confused with ethnology or ecology.)("Animal Behaviour" redirects here. For the journal, see Animal Behaviour (journal). For the band Praxis' single, see Transmutation (Mutatis Mutandis).) Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Behaviourism is a term that also describes the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually referring to measured responses to stimuli or trained behavioural responses in a laboratory context, without a particular emphasis on evolutionary adaptivity. Many naturalists have studied aspects of animal behaviour throughout history. Ethology has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and o