Mars program
The Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters. Early Mars spacecraft were small, and launched by Molniya rockets. Starting with two failures in 1969, the heavier Proton-K rocket was used to launch larger 5 tonne spacecraft, consisting of an orbiter and a lander to Mars. The orbiter bus design was likely somewhat rushed into service and immature, considering that it performed very reliably in the Venera variant after 1975. This reliability problem was common to much Soviet space hardware from the late 1960s and early 1970s and was largely corrected with a deliberate policy, implemented in the mid-1970s, of consolidating (or "debugging") exi
primaryTopic
Mars program
The Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters. Early Mars spacecraft were small, and launched by Molniya rockets. Starting with two failures in 1969, the heavier Proton-K rocket was used to launch larger 5 tonne spacecraft, consisting of an orbiter and a lander to Mars. The orbiter bus design was likely somewhat rushed into service and immature, considering that it performed very reliably in the Venera variant after 1975. This reliability problem was common to much Soviet space hardware from the late 1960s and early 1970s and was largely corrected with a deliberate policy, implemented in the mid-1970s, of consolidating (or "debugging") exi
has abstract
Die Mars-Raumsonden waren eine ...... 60A und Mars 1960B bezeichnet.
@de
El Programa Mars (del ruso Мар ...... 996, destruida en el despegue.
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Il Programma Mars è costituito ...... rte all'inizio degli anni '70.
@it
Le programme Mars était une sé ...... dule d'atterrissage de Mars 3.
@fr
Program Mars (ros. Марс) – pro ...... ndy Zond 2 oraz program Fobos.
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Programa Marte, foi a designaç ...... o Soviética entre 1960 e 1973.
@pt
The Mars program was a series ...... failed to depart Earth orbit.
@en
Автоматические межпланетные ст ...... обсерватории диаметром 2,6 м.
@ru
マルス計画(Mars probe program)とは、1960年代から1970年代までソ連の宇宙計画の一環として行なわれた、ソビエト連邦による火星の無人探査プログラムである。
@ja
火星计划是前苏联政府在1960年至1973年间进行的一个旨在探索火星的太阳系内无人航天计划。在该计划中苏联发射了一系列的飞掠、环绕以及着陆火星的探测器。
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Wikipage revision ID
728,531,822
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-45.0 -30.0
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Die Mars-Raumsonden waren eine ...... r interplanetare Entfernungen.
@de
El Programa Mars (del ruso Мар ...... e hasta su disolución en 1991.
@es
Il Programma Mars è costituito ...... rte all'inizio degli anni '70.
@it
Le programme Mars était une sé ...... dule d'atterrissage de Mars 3.
@fr
Program Mars (ros. Марс) – pro ...... ndy Zond 2 oraz program Fobos.
@pl
Programa Marte, foi a designaç ...... o Soviética entre 1960 e 1973.
@pt
The Mars program was a series ...... olidating (or "debugging") exi
@en
Автоматические межпланетные ст ...... обсерватории диаметром 2,6 м.
@ru
マルス計画(Mars probe program)とは、1960年代から1970年代までソ連の宇宙計画の一環として行なわれた、ソビエト連邦による火星の無人探査プログラムである。
@ja
火星计划是前苏联政府在1960年至1973年间进行的一个旨在探索火星的太阳系内无人航天计划。在该计划中苏联发射了一系列的飞掠、环绕以及着陆火星的探测器。
@zh
label
Mars (Raumsonde)
@de
Mars program
@en
Program Mars
@pl
Programa Mars
@es
Programa Marte
@pt
Programma Mars
@it
Programme Mars
@fr
Марс (космическая программа)
@ru
マルス計画
@ja
火星计划
@zh