Paganism is a term that first arose among the Christian community of southern Europe during late antiquity as a descriptor of religions other than their own, or the related Abrahamic religions; i.e., Judaism and Islam. There has been much scholarly debate as to the origin of the term paganism, especially since no one before the 20th century self-identified as a pagan. While most pagan religions express a worldview that is pantheistic, polytheistic, or animistic, there are some monotheistic pagans.