Arvid Harnack (German: [ˈaʁ.vɪt ˈhaʁ.nak] ; 24 May 1901 in Darmstadt – 22 December 1942 in Berlin) was a German jurist, Marxist economist, Communist and German resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Harnack came from an extraordinary intellectual family and was originally a humanist. He was strongly influenced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe but progressively moved to a Marxist-Socialist outlook after a visit to the Soviet Union and the appearance of the Nazis. After starting an undercover discussion group based at the Berlin Abendgymnasium, he met Harro Schulze-Boysen who ran a similar faction. Like numerous groups in other parts of the world, the undercover political factions led by Harnack and Schulze-Boysen later developed into an espionage network, that supplied military and economic int