Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; practitioners are referred to as "crypto-Jews" (origin from Greek kryptos – κρυπτός, 'hidden'). The term is especially applied historically to Spanish Jews who outwardly professed Catholicism, also known as Converso, Anusim, or Marranos. The phenomenon is especially associated with renaissance Spain, following the Massacre of 1391 and the expulsion of the Jews in 1492.